二是衍生品相當(dāng)于是運(yùn)用了杠桿，比如原來你買股票跌個20%其實很正常，但是你加了杠桿之后，比如100塊的股票，你自己只投了20塊，其他都是借來的錢，一旦跌20%，對你來講損失就達(dá)到了100%。所以杠桿會放大損失，普通投資人是承受不了的。
房地產(chǎn)
關(guān)于房地產(chǎn)是否還值得投資的話題都可以單獨寫一篇文章了，但是題主既然針對小白，小白突然拿出一大筆錢去投資房產(chǎn)，顯然是不太理智的，那本篇文章就不多談這一點。當(dāng)然如果是土豪小白，我個人認(rèn)為超一線和一線城市的好物業(yè)的房產(chǎn)還是非常值得買的。
理財規(guī)劃
要知道任何一個金融產(chǎn)品都不是萬能的，所以一定要做一個搭配組合，講人話就是將資產(chǎn)在低風(fēng)險如貨幣基金、債券基金、銀行理財、國債、保險產(chǎn)品等低收益證券與高風(fēng)險、高收益如股票、基金之間進(jìn)行分配。
所以就是兩者直接的對沖配置，從而達(dá)到風(fēng)險和收益以及流動性的一個平衡點。
我們運(yùn)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾家庭資產(chǎn)象限圖，將資產(chǎn)分為四類，分別進(jìn)行規(guī)劃。
在規(guī)劃資產(chǎn)之前，學(xué)姐建議你們先給自己做一個【財務(wù)分析】診斷，可以直接用excel，或者像隨手記、圈子賬本、鯊魚記賬、檸檬云財務(wù)等手機(jī)app，對自己的財務(wù)狀況進(jìn)行整理。弄清楚哪些錢是必須要花的，哪些錢是可以省下來的，這樣可以找出自己的一些消費(fèi)盲區(qū)，避免多花很多“冤枉錢”。
應(yīng)急賬戶
10%日常開銷，應(yīng)急賬戶要點：短期消費(fèi)、安全性好、流動性高工具：貨幣基金，國債逆回購消費(fèi)自由度：手上現(xiàn)金并不是越多越好規(guī)劃方案：1.3-6個月的日常生活費(fèi)2.納入應(yīng)急賬戶管理，主要是用于比如：突如其來的紅包炸彈或者職業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)換的過冬費(fèi)3.對于資金的流動性和安全性要求也是比較高4.日常消費(fèi)用信用卡。不建議套現(xiàn)和分期，利率太高。
防守賬戶
20%保命的錢，防守賬戶要點：疾病和意外保障，解決突發(fā)重大開支工具：意外和重疾險財富安全：賬戶守護(hù)神，必須建立。
保險猶如一個保障機(jī)制，可以幫我們轉(zhuǎn)移生活中那些可能碰到的極端風(fēng)險，使得家庭在發(fā)生重大事件時，可以給到我們經(jīng)濟(jì)上的幫助和支持，不至于影響正常生活。
保值賬戶
40%保本升值的錢，長期收益賬戶要點：流動性中，安全性高，收益跑贏通貨膨脹，收益穩(wěn)定工具：理財險；養(yǎng)老金和教育金；國債財富自由：滾雪球、坡越長越好，越早越好。保值賬戶，一般用作穩(wěn)健投資追求穩(wěn)穩(wěn)的幸福比如教育金和養(yǎng)老金因為這類產(chǎn)品要的就是未來某個時間段有確定確定的錢在那可以用推薦：年金保險，國債，企業(yè)債券，分級A基金，債券基金，銀行理財產(chǎn)品。
增值賬戶
30%生錢的錢，增值賬戶要點：投資不等于理財，高風(fēng)險、高收益、流動性好。工具：基金/股票/信托/房產(chǎn)/外匯/收藏品財富獨立：考驗?zāi)芰腿诵?，控制比例?/p>
有些人眼里的天使也是有些人眼里的惡魔
基金、黃金、原油、股票、期貨、信托、數(shù)字貨幣以及我們最熟悉的商鋪和房產(chǎn)。
由于其他選項要求很高的專業(yè)性與投資技巧，主要推薦指數(shù)基金定投，也就是所謂的懶人基金投資法。
基金定投的好處在于省時省力，它不需要我們?nèi)ザ⒈P，也無需研究深奧的技術(shù)指標(biāo)，只要設(shè)置好日期和金額就可以了。當(dāng)然這種方法收益會比較有限，如果想要讓收益更大化，需要結(jié)合一些基本的投資方法。
推薦閱讀
文章的最后，推薦以下這些理財書籍，它們可以幫你樹立理財思維，少走彎路，更早地實現(xiàn)財富自由。
財商入門
《小狗錢錢》《管道的故事》《管道的故事》《窮爸爸富爸爸》《鄰家的百萬富翁》
財富思維
《財富自由之路》《有錢人和你想的不一樣》《財務(wù)自由之路》
理財實操
《力哥說理財系列》《指數(shù)基金投資指南》
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"俗話說：你不理財，財不理你。成功的理財可以讓你的資產(chǎn)翻倍，失敗的理財卻可能讓你錢袋空空。富人之所以為富人,這與其重視更新觀念、重視理財是分不開的。因此,要想讓自己的財富實現(xiàn)升值,就必須學(xué)會理財。要想學(xué)會理財，首先要了解理財?shù)囊恍┗驹砗瓦壿嫛?#34;,"id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCIAOGuMUYMwIyQX13T865g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"理財原理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIA0qikK68o0kea9hICbkAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"理財?shù)幕驹砗瓦壿嬘泻芏?，總結(jié)起來，主要有復(fù)利原理、風(fēng)險原理、開源原理和合適原理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmM8m6KqCcKG2wnjdzz7ENd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"復(fù)利原理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAkGOYia0oA6Q0zB1njJtRF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"先來看一個問題：什么才是真正的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"高回報","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"？假如下面有兩個投資經(jīng)理，你認(rèn)為誰的表現(xiàn)更好？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyqkOKS8WQqE4ULo0eR6lJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一眼看上去，A的業(yè)績好，經(jīng)常翻一番，很能吸引眼球；而B的回報率很多老股民有的年份也能做到，看平均回報也驗證了咱們直觀的判斷。但是實際的投資回報，哪個投資經(jīng)理更高呢？假設(shè)你每人投了100萬，2年之后的總回報多少呢？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKEyoqae6s8KGqKYIrQFwcf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"投資經(jīng)理A：第一年他的業(yè)績翻一倍，變成200萬，但是第二年又賠了一半，等于你兩年之后又回到了原點100萬，相當(dāng)于白玩。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEygsyWwAaQuOCozKBHIk7K"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"投資經(jīng)理B：簡單算一下，一年以后是110萬，2年之后是121萬，兩年幫你獲得的收益率是21%，還是相當(dāng)不錯的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAU6kgyMc2cSw6Od73P3dbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以在真正的高回報里隱藏著很重要的兩個原理：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaWAcYsmc24ceeUEmohc3me"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1）不賠錢很重要","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn62iQG8cSq8i4of55wD24Yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"為什么？還是一個簡單的例子，比如100萬的初始投資，如果你第一年虧損50%，第二年要達(dá)到多少才能回本？答案是100%。相當(dāng)于你第一年賠了錢，本金就會減少，第二年要用更高的收益才能回本。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2Ey2mcaukkw2En7E4E4zOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2）投資就是要撬動復(fù)利的力量","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA2gsGy8IusSE9LPmTE4yhY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"復(fù)利現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是一個被經(jīng)常濫用的雞湯詞匯了。它指的是","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"利滾利","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，也就是第一年產(chǎn)生的利息會作為本金繼續(xù)產(chǎn)生利息，巴菲特把它形象的稱為滾雪球。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng8SImgcQuQ0wqCh7z6S9Kb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"前面那個簡單的例子就可以告訴我們?yōu)槭裁春芏嗳税褟?fù)利稱之為世界第八大奇跡。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno0W4igKAWOUI2R0i658frd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"B投資經(jīng)理每年能夠穩(wěn)定的給你獲得10%的收益，2年可以賺到20%多，但是如果你不止是投資兩年，而是10年，20年甚至50年呢？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn08MCGOsiy6gWEZotqmiflc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如你現(xiàn)在25歲，咱們都沒啥存款，也就拿出來10萬。那么幾十年之后，會變成多少呢？投資10年：26萬，增長2.6倍；投資20年：67萬，增長6.7倍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6Eqq8QkaMiYKaR8t39viUh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果投資50年呢？這個數(shù)會讓很多人想不到，不是幾十萬幾百萬，而是1174萬?，F(xiàn)在能拿出10萬塊的人很多，但是50年之后能拿出1000多萬的人少之又少。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQiyyKUEmyscKQ1SMzcwGlg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"所以投資最重要的是什么？是要撬動復(fù)利的力量。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEMco4oWM2gOUENanTG61rd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"風(fēng)險原理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnasmuoYm400seAFRnmJErjh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":690,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"風(fēng)險原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7abb078acf1245a597599f2c841643e7","width":743},"text":"","id":"doxcn2s2IU00aK8wS8HxuiZwP2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"投資的不可能三角分別是——高收益率、可持續(xù)性、低風(fēng)險性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn240cooEEa8SmCK1RTLFNgh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這三者是不可兼得的，因為天下沒有免費(fèi)的午餐——要想獲得高收益，必然要承擔(dān)高風(fēng)險，風(fēng)險就是不確定性，比如股票有時候收益很高，有時候損失很大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYMgaSYUwQ4o0SK9QV9MkGe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高收益意味著高風(fēng)險，很多時候，投資的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"高收益","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"都是不可持續(xù)的，因為","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"風(fēng)險是不可避免的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkeMuMyAKmIAOGyoxIMpIGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"哪個最重要？還是長期復(fù)利最重要，而構(gòu)成長期復(fù)利最主要的兩個因素是“可持續(xù)性”和“低風(fēng)險性”，所以投資的重要特點在于它不是一個爭先的游戲，這是一個可以持續(xù)至少二三十年的長跑。所以保持一個穩(wěn)定的、低風(fēng)險的回報堅持下去，做時間的朋友才能真正賺到錢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG22KOCmQ4GIWwl4XcdhNBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"世界上聰明人那么多為什么最終投資賺錢的很少？巴菲特一句話就說出了其中的關(guān)鍵：絕大多數(shù)人都不能忍受慢慢變富。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoQKgWYwOoQGm2JiLCpFtfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以，如果你想要好好理財，就得把目光放得更長遠(yuǎn)一些。我們雖然無法規(guī)避風(fēng)險，但是我們要將風(fēng)險控制在可接受的范圍，并且利用長時間的穩(wěn)定投資賺錢，不只是在乎一時盈虧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoIoq8GMOcM4cS2eKJy97lh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"開源原理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0aqcmQSScgA6OIX1odxoPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果給你每年10%的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"投資收益","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，一開始的10萬塊，50年之后是1174萬。我們細(xì)看會發(fā)現(xiàn)，到第42年的時候，你的財富是548萬，但是僅僅只需要再過8年，就又翻了一倍達(dá)到1100多萬。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE8yGGK4I4Ekygry9XdaYsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這個就是復(fù)利里面體現(xiàn)的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"加速度","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"原理。因為隨著時間變長，你的基數(shù)變大，財富增長會更加容易。所以從10萬漲到500多萬需要42年，但是再漲500多萬僅僅就只需要8年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2aEqgWkWCSmM6s450ezShh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這種加速原理體現(xiàn)了：","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"初始財富很少時，相當(dāng)長的時間內(nèi)，復(fù)利的效果不會特別明顯，但是一旦跨過一定的閾值之后，絕對財富累積的速度就會變得非常顯性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqKWEyKyyqyI08chJo2y7qc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"反過來，如果你一開始的可投資資金越大，其實復(fù)利的效果就會更加明顯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncmw0mE2EiQEC8U2fKglNbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以在你的初始資金還比較小的時候，多累積初始資金也很重要。開源節(jié)流，積累更多的初始資金，才能讓你的投資更有成果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8WQ2kk0uoeUsuONOpRYgog"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"合適原理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYSesieoeGk02G22EYlUpxx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"對于大多數(shù)小白來說，既然自己要學(xué)習(xí)理財，基本上資金量都不會很大，從幾萬到幾十萬，這種類型的投資者會有些適合和不適合的投資產(chǎn)品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyMI4yYKMeSwwmQVBHYeGyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如為什么全世界的富人都喜歡買房，其中一個原因就是房子能夠承載的資金量會更大一些，所以房子可以作為富人配置比例最高的資產(chǎn)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyWeCQYy2Y0u0DXcHK6rvww"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"但是對于小白來說，雖然一線城市","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"房地產(chǎn)市場","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"有很大投資價值，但是大家都去買北京上海深圳的房子顯然不現(xiàn)實，","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"所以你得先了解自己的目標(biāo)和約束，再了解各種各樣的投資產(chǎn)品，這樣才能找到適合自己的資產(chǎn)配置方案。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYS402OWOoGsWm0BadbeKsh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"理財工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn888SwGy8c4UgWiQbU4jxhe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"了解完理財原理還不夠，還要學(xué)習(xí)市場上可供選擇的理財工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSG4o0wwKYGMMKISKExEiSg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"股票","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMiUOYQcsWKEUOeqWB1Iv2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"投資股票有兩種方式，","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"要么可以買個股，要么可以買基金。買個股要想賺錢，有三大法寶：選個股、選板塊、選波段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYoGiM06Mm0m6oxgZ4DtqUf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有時候雖然你看對了某只個股，但是生不逢時沒趕上它真正上漲的時候你就賣出了也賺不著錢。那到底怎么選呢？其實這里面就要涉及到影響股票價格漲跌的一些原因：全局宏觀因素、板塊因素（行業(yè)因素）還有個股的因素，那你需要具備的基礎(chǔ)知識就要非常多，所以小白要謹(jǐn)慎入市。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE4mAeSE6ssQC6kEs6JfvYn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"對于小白來講最好是買基金。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncIgmYuqaOquew51vPvpxbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了前面提到的貨幣市場基金，還包括","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"股票基金","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"（主要投資股票，按照規(guī)定，股基要有80%或者更多的資金投資在股票上）、","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"債券基金","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"（主要投資債券，要有80%以上的資金投資在債券上）、","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"混合型基金","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"（那就是多種投資產(chǎn)品的混合，有的時候也叫作宏觀輪動，基金經(jīng)理會根據(jù)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)的周期波動動態(tài)調(diào)整配置比例，比如經(jīng)濟(jì)上漲時，投資股票的比例更多一些）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngYSyeIkuKoIUuiF5cDB63b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我們這里先說股票基金值不值得買。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKy4SiOMm8owmIKBw5jWoFt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"按照管理風(fēng)格，其實又可以分成","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"主動型基金和被動型基金。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne4WQcGY8qgE84QTdqnMaHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主動型基金是基金經(jīng)理憑借自己的選股和擇時的方法，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"希望可以提高阿爾法收益（即個股的收益與","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"大盤指數(shù)","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"收益的差值）","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，獲得超額回報。這類基金其實差異非常大，不同的市場狀況收益率差別很大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn44Q6mwaGiy4GJpzZ0SCCJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如2018年總體行情不好大部分股基都是賠錢的，平均虧損23%，但是到了2019年行情變好，平均收益又達(dá)到40%；同時不同的基金經(jīng)理所管理的基金業(yè)績表現(xiàn)差異也很大，你選基金就是選好的基金經(jīng)理，但是說實話，很多明星基金經(jīng)理也是被公司包裝出來的，而且過去業(yè)績好是明星基金也不代表將來業(yè)績也好，所以很沒有保障。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4McQCGYmOsUiiqYjUU4WHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"所以主動型基金跟你自己買股票的風(fēng)險收益的特征是很像的，只不過在你自己沒時間去研究市場的時候，可以借助場外","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"基金","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"來投資股票市場。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns40AsO6Q0K6kWEYFIalzWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"被動型基金其實就是直接投資指數(shù)，不用基金的投研團(tuán)隊來研究個股和選擇個股，所以相比較之下，管理費(fèi)比較低。你獲得的收益就是指數(shù)的收益率。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8yGGSUUmeUkOSWVmrzOvYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最簡單的配置方案就是“100-年齡”來作為股票投資比例，因為越年輕，你承擔(dān)風(fēng)險的能力越強(qiáng)，因為你還有大把的時間，還有翻盤機(jī)會，漫長人生中總會遇上一次大","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"牛市","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"吧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneWcesumYg0e2kVRsjBnTnd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如你現(xiàn)在30，可以拿出總的收益性資產(chǎn)當(dāng)中70%的比例投資股票。比如你總共100萬，大概20%配置現(xiàn)金類的理財產(chǎn)品，滿足流動性需求。假如你已經(jīng)配置好了保險，剩下的80萬全部都可以投收益性的資產(chǎn)，那么56萬可以買股票或股票基金。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAgmMeyKQggGgeaX5q5Ohge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"我建議小白拿出一點點資金投股票，就當(dāng)學(xué)習(xí)了，不自己真金白銀投資上去永遠(yuǎn)不會對市場有比較深的認(rèn)識，剩下來的可以買基金。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAsk2GqikEaM4rehrEtRBFC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"但是我自己的經(jīng)驗來看，特別是從長期，主動型基金經(jīng)理的業(yè)績平均來看是趕不上大盤的，所以可以把50多萬的資金當(dāng)中大比例投資被動型的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"指數(shù)基金。什么是指數(shù)基金？顧名思義就是以特定指數(shù)（如滬深300指數(shù)、標(biāo)普500指數(shù)、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"納斯達(dá)克100指數(shù)","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、日經(jīng)225指數(shù)等）為標(biāo)的指數(shù)，并以該指數(shù)的成份股為","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"投資對象","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，通過購買該指數(shù)的全部或部分成份股構(gòu)建","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"投資組合","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，以追蹤標(biāo)的指數(shù)表現(xiàn)的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"基金產(chǎn)品","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuEamAAuSY62W8NGUoWbdBg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"那么指數(shù)基金怎么投呢？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4IyYYk8q8I4wUpyTgYcEge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一個是存量資金的投資，一個是定投","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU2u0M4OAU8cY2hI6SzCoth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"定投就是一定周期投資一定金額，比如每月投1萬，最大的好處是在市場波動時，可以攤薄成本，所以波動的市場最適合定投，A股就絕對適合。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE6Og8SwKeEmeY1oUtg80Ld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同時定投就是每月（當(dāng)然你可以選擇每周、每個季度）自動給你扣款，其實也有點強(qiáng)制儲蓄的意思，避免你亂花錢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIoIKyaa6GSYOSkgETaaSUf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"但是如果你目前存量資金就很大，那也可以直接去配置一個指數(shù)的組合。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMAcUmowgqUmoGqMW3PqRte"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"定投我比較推薦大家配置滬深300和中證500兩個指數(shù)結(jié)合，這樣相當(dāng)于投了整個上證綜指，因為它包含了大盤股和","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"中小盤股","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8WycWsM2gcg0jTDruo9ZFS"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"存量資金我推薦大家這樣一個指數(shù)組合：滬深30020%+中證50020%+恒生指數(shù)20%+納斯達(dá)克指數(shù)20%+黃金5%+債券15%，這也符合我前面給出的比例，大概股票占比60%-70%。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYUQeaQSi0ioA2lg1UGMMqe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"關(guān)于股票投資如果要進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)的話，推薦大家閱讀《投資最重要的事》、《","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"周期","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》，當(dāng)然還要學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和財務(wù)報表分析的知識。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQysuMIYESMiQCrTxOKP4Ia"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每天刷一下雪球，看看大家對于股票和熱點的討論。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKUs8sG6UUg6qEFqJagMFMb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"債券","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni0WGE242i824cVzXguoeWe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"債券的類型主要是三類：國債、公司債和資產(chǎn)證券化的固收類產(chǎn)品（本質(zhì)上有固定的利息所以也是債券）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoa4agKQ0EMe2EtFj974OGm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其中國債和少量的在交易所發(fā)行的債券咱們散戶是可以直接買到的，但是大量的債券的類型我們都很難買到。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno20osI2AM8KCie8kRgTSoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"所以我比較建議小白直接買主動管理的債券基金以及被動的ETF債券基金（主要投資一籃子債券跟蹤某個指數(shù)的）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8WOKqyUgyksa0aj13aHiz9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"對于","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"債基","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"來講，不管是主動管理型的還是被動的其實收益率差別不太大，但是被動的ETF債券基金費(fèi)用比較低，在收益不高的情況下，低費(fèi)率也很重要，所以建議配置被動的ETF債券基金。債券最大的特點是安全性比較高，比較適合老年人和高凈值人群。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno4GCquAymkoCklJc4jDu2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"因為高凈值人群的特點是錢不貶值就行，1個億就算存銀行，每年3%收益也有300萬利息，根本不用瞎折騰。所以對于存款還比較少的年輕人，債券配置比例不用太高，大概15%即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2Y8oQSgOsqQ4wLtL9VWpMe"},{"type":"h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保險產(chǎn)品等低收益證券與高風(fēng)險、高收益如股票、基金之間進(jìn)行分配。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK4mCea66mGCCAFBf3UPWLc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以就是兩者直接的對沖配置，從而達(dá)到風(fēng)險和收益以及流動性的一個平衡點。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoeQoiQe4saqQGsj1OabWOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我們運(yùn)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾家庭資產(chǎn)象限圖，將資產(chǎn)分為四類，分別進(jìn)行規(guī)劃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn84AcouW0sm4KE39M4PLlQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOuImyuuS84aI0e9iv885bg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":585,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"理財規(guī)劃","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/66709d7c21ce4b2285bfdf54a4e802ec","width":1187},"text":"","id":"doxcnqaG44sQYUK6kQPQRSYReHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在規(guī)劃資產(chǎn)之前，學(xué)姐建議你們先給自己做一個","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"【財務(wù)分析】診斷","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，可以直接用excel，或者像隨手記、圈子賬本、鯊魚記賬、檸檬云財務(wù)等手機(jī)app，對自己的財務(wù)狀況進(jìn)行整理。弄清楚哪些錢是必須要花的，哪些錢是可以省下來的，這樣可以找出自己的一些消費(fèi)盲區(qū)，避免多花很多“冤枉錢”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIsAWWIoAECyuS6zkgv5gYb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"應(yīng)急賬戶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCciKYEGssOQEkNdVGzgTle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10%日常開銷，應(yīng)急賬戶要點：短期消費(fèi)、安全性好、流動性高工具：貨幣基金，國債逆回購消費(fèi)自由度：手上現(xiàn)金并不是越多越好規(guī)劃方案：1.3-6個月的日常生活費(fèi)2.納入應(yīng)急賬戶管理，主要是用于比如：突如其來的紅包炸彈或者職業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)換的過冬費(fèi)3.對于資金的流動性和安全性要求也是比較高4.日常消費(fèi)用信用卡。不建議套現(xiàn)和分期，利率太高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQuGCka8wgCgUWY1JtYr3DX"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"防守賬戶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4WUOasmECkMAYR8Q5t1Oic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"20%保命的錢，防守賬戶要點：疾病和意外保障，解決突發(fā)重大開支工具：意外和","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"重疾險","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"財富安全：賬戶守護(hù)神，必須建立。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQqGUmOeMUuG8unTnRvgcc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"保險猶如一個保障機(jī)制，可以幫我們轉(zhuǎn)移生活中那些可能碰到的極端風(fēng)險，使得家庭在發(fā)生重大事件時，可以給到我們經(jīng)濟(jì)上的幫助和支持，不至于影響正常生活。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMgk4MIQOYeOSqK07zgR5zg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":290,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"防守賬戶","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cf0d6b2489df4c13b95f5faaa3fa9d25","width":658},"text":"","id":"doxcn8eGceyWsuEieUdEoHQiQTc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保值賬戶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKIs4AQcqEG426NS2Jxitpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"40%保本升值的錢，長期收益賬戶要點：流動性中，安全性高，收益跑贏通貨膨脹，收益穩(wěn)定工具：理財險；養(yǎng)老金和教育金；國債財富自由：滾雪球、坡越長越好，越早越好。保值賬戶，一般用作穩(wěn)健投資追求穩(wěn)穩(wěn)的幸福比如教育金和養(yǎng)老金因為這類產(chǎn)品要的就是未來某個時間段有確定確定的錢在那可以用推薦：年金保險，國債，企業(yè)債券，分級A基金，債券基金，銀行理財產(chǎn)品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnco6ek62KsACoW0kGBBj8DB"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"增值賬戶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAKqegSs0Igwcm2A1Ka4Ked"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"30%生錢的錢，增值賬戶要點：投資不等于理財，高風(fēng)險、高收益、流動性好。工具：基金/股票/信托/房產(chǎn)/外匯/收藏品財富獨立：考驗?zāi)芰腿诵?，控制比例?#34;,"id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngkswECA4EqEeYxz3fuAZZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有些人眼里的天使也是有些人眼里的惡魔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSkcy8QIEc4CekFiX41Nv8b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"基金、黃金、原油、股票、期貨、信托、數(shù)字貨幣以及我們最熟悉的商鋪和房產(chǎn)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEU82WI0WMmAacTWb66Ouwc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于其他選項要求很高的專業(yè)性與投資技巧，主要推薦","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"指數(shù)基金定投","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，也就是所謂的懶人基金投資法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQeWmSsSWa8KSqgRVyls7ye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"基金定投的好處在于省時省力，它不需要我們?nèi)ザ⒈P，也無需研究深奧的技術(shù)指標(biāo)，只要設(shè)置好日期和金額就可以了。當(dāng)然這種方法收益會比較有限，如果想要讓收益更大化，需要結(jié)合一些基本的投資方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKEWkgEkuAYWcSaLKqWEwme"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推薦閱讀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneOckKq6MgYcCq0YcF2PaTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"文章的最后，推薦以下這些理財書籍，它們可以幫你樹立理財思維，少走彎路，更早地實現(xiàn)財富自由。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEGgWEcQQwAkIglQtzFfHMh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"財商入門","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwKMIaW00qi4QAnuZCOUpne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《小狗錢錢》《","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"管道的故事","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》《管道的故事》《窮爸爸富爸爸》《鄰家的百萬富翁》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQAYusKAI4kKoG4QVE30oyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"財富思維","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmc6su8CcgO24QZ6YQbUArb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"財富自由之路","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》《有錢人和你想的不一樣》《","id":""},{"type":"text","tex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